Komodo (island)

 

 

Komodo is one of the 17,508 islands that compose the Republic of Indonesia. The island is particularly notable as the habitat of the Komodo dragon, the largest lizard on Earth, which is named for the island. Komodo Island has a surface area of 390 square kilometres and a human population of over two thousand. The people of the island are descendants of former convicts who were exiled to the island and who have mixed with Bugis from Sulawesi. The people are primarily adherents of Islam but there are also Christian and Hindu congregations.

Komodo is part of the Lesser Sunda chain of islands and forms part of the Komodo National Park. In addition, the island is a popular destination for diving. Administratively, it is part of the East Nusa Tenggara province.

Komodo is part of the Lesser Sunda chain of islands and forms part of the Komodo National Park. It lies between the substantially larger neighboring islands Sumbawa to the west and Flores to the east. The island's surface area covers 390 square kilometres.

Komodo National Park was established in 1980 and was declared a World Heritage Site and a Man and Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1991. The park was initially established to conserve the unique Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), first discovered by the scientific world in 1912 by J.K.H. Van Steyn. Since then conservation goals have expanded to protecting its entire biodiversity, both marine and terrestrial.

The majority of the people in and around the park are fishermen originally from Bima (Sumbawa), Manggarai, South Flores, and South Sulawesi. Those from South Sulawesi are from the Suku Bajau or Bugis ethnic groups. The Suku Bajau were originally nomadic and moved from location to location in the region of Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara and Maluku, to make their livelihoods. Descendants of the original people of Komodo, the Ata Modo, still live in Komodo, but there are no pure blood people left and their culture and language is slowly being integrated with the recent migrants.

Little is known of the early history of the Komodo islanders. They were subjects of the Sultanate of Bima, although the island’s remoteness from Bima meant its affairs were probably little troubled by the Sultanate other than by occasional demand for tribute.

The hot and dry climate of the park, characterized by savannah vegetation, make it to a good habitat for the endemic Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). Their populations are restricted to the islands of Komodo (1,700), Rinca (1,300), Gili Motang (100), Gili Dasami (100), and Flores (ca. 2,000), while extinct on Padar.

Cloud forests appear only in few areas above 500 metres but they provide habitat to several endemic flora. Coastal vegetation includes mangrove forest, which generally appear in the sheltered bays of the three larger islands.

Fringing and patch coral reefs are extensive and best developed on the north-east coast of Komodo. The park is rich in marine life, including whale sharks, ocean sunfish, manta rays, eagle rays, pygmy seahorse, false pipefish, clown frogfish, nudibranchs, blue-ringed octopus, sponges, tunicates, and coral.

Varieties of cetaceans inhabit in adjacent waters from smaller sized dolphins to Sperm Whales and even Blue Whales. Omura's Whales, one of least known of rorquals have been confirmed to range waters within the park. Endangered Dugongs still live in Komodo areas as well.

The terrestrial fauna is of rather poor diversity in comparison to the marine fauna. The number of terrestrial animal species found in the park is not high, but the area is important from a conservation perspective as some species are endemic. Many of the mammals are Asiatic in origin Including the Timor deer, wild boar, water buffalo, crab eating macaques and civet. Several of the reptiles and birds are Australian in origin. These include the orange-footed scrubfowl, the lesser sulpher crested cockatoo, and the helmeted friarbird.

The most famous of Komodo National Park's reptiles is the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). It is the world's largest lizard and is among the world's largest reptiles and can reach 3m or more in length and weigh over 70 kg.

Twelve terrestrial snake species are found on the island in addition to marine species. Snakes include the Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix), Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii), white-lipped pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris), blue lipped sea krait (Laticauda laticaudata), and Timor python (Python timoriensis). Lizards include nine skink species (Scinidae), geckos (Gekkonidae), limbless lizards (Dibamidae), and the monitor lizards such as the Komodo dragon (Varanidae). Frogs include the Asian bullfrog (Kaloula baleata), the endemic Komodo cross frog (Oreophryne jeffersoniana) and Oreophryne darewskyi. Frogs are typically found at higher, moister altitudes. The saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) was once present within the park in coastal areas including mangrove swamps but is extinct within the area.

Mammals found within the park include the Timor rusa deer (Cervus timorensis), the main prey of the Komodo dragon, horses (Equus sp.), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), wild boar (Sus scrofa vittatus), crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus lehmanni), the endemic Rinca rat (Rattus rintjanus), and fruit bats. Domestic mammals on within the park include goats, cats and dogs which are feral.

One of the main bird species is the orange-footed scrubfowl (Megapodius reinwardti), a ground dwelling bird. In areas of savanna, 27 species were observed. The zebra dove (Geopelia striata) and spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis) were the most common species. In mixed tropical deciduous habitat, 28 bird species were observed, and helmeted friarbird (Philemon buceroides), green imperial pigeon (Ducula aenea), and lemon-bellied white-eye (Zosterops chloris) were the most common. Other birds include vibrantly coloured species such as green junglefowl (Gallus varius), great-billed parrot (Tanygnathus megalorynchos), and the critically endangered lesser sulpher crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea). Two eagle species are found in the park, the white-bellied sea eagle and the extremely rare Flores hawk-eagle which is present on Rinca and Flores and reported but unconfirmed on Komodo Island.

 

MALANG CITY

MALANG

 

Malang is the second largest city in East Java province, Indonesia. 
It has a history dating back to the ancient Mataram Kingdom. Malang City is a city located in the province of East Java, Indonesia. Town with a population of 857 891 inhabitants of this (2014) is in a fairly cool highlands, located 90 km south of Surabaya, and the region surrounded by Malang. The total area is 110.06 km2 Malang. Together with Malang and Batu, Malang is part of the unity of the region known as Malang.

The etymology of the name Malang is uncertain. One of the theory said that the name Malang is derived from the words Malangkucecwara which means "God has destroyed the false and enforced the right". The words was taken from an ancient stele which mention a legendary temple called Malangkucecwara supposedly located near the city Malang. The word Malangkucecwara was applied as the motto of the city of Malang.

The history of Malang Regency could be revealed through the Dinoyo inscription 760 AD as the primary official document to support the birth of Malang before a new inscription was discovered in 1986, which is so far not yet revealed. According to the inscription, it was concluded that the 8th century was the beginning of the existence of Malang Regency's government due to the birth of King Gajayana's ruling of his kingdom in Malang. From the Dinoyo inscriptions, it is noted that the inscription used the "Candra Sengkala" or "Cronogram" Calendar, and stated that the birth date of Malang Regency was on Jum'at Legi (sweet Friday) of 28 November 760 AD.
The city was incorporated into Mataram Sultanate in 1614, then transferred to Dutch colonial rule. Malang was modernized under the Dutch; its cool climate which results from its elevation, along with its proximity to the major port of Surabaya, made it a popular destination for the Dutch and other Europeans. In 1879, Malang was connected to Java's railroad network, further increasing development and leading to increased industrialization.
Along with growth came urbanization. The government could not satisfy the population’s needs for affordable housing, which lead to the building of shanty towns along the rivers and rail tracks. Up until today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into “better” housing.

Singosari Temple

Badut Temple

Like most of Java, a large majority of Malang residents are Muslim; there are small minorities of Catholics, Hindus, and Buddhists. Many buildings of worship still stand from their construction in the colonial era. For example, City of Malang Grand Mosque (Masjid Agung Kota Malang) in Malang City Square (Alun-alun Kota Malang); Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus) in Kayutangan; Saint Mary from Mount Carmel Cathedral (Gereja Ijen or Katedral Santa Maria dari Gunung Karmel) in Ijen Street, which is the seat for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang; The Immanuel Protestant Church in Alun-alun; and Eng An Kiong (永安宮) Buddhist Temple in Jl. Laksamana Martadinata No. 1 Malang. Malang is also famous for being the centre of religious education, this is evident with the existence of many Islamic schools (pesantren) and bible seminaries. Malang also has a convent, among other Carmel Monastery, Ursuline Convent, Misericordia monastery, Monastery of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Brothers, Convent of the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Monastery Mission Congregatio Brother, Brother Abbey Projo, Passionist Monastery, and several other monasteries.

Grand Mosque (Masjid Agung Kota Malang)

Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus)

Saint Mary from Mount Carmel Cathedral (Gereja Ijen or Katedral Santa Maria dari Gunung Karmel)

 

Eng An Kiong Buddhist Temple

Arekan dialect of Javanese language is the day-to-day language used by Malang people. Many of the native Malang youths adopt a dialect that is called 'boso walikan', it is simply done by reversing the pronunciation of the words, an example of this is by pronouncing “Malang” as “Ngalam” instead. Like Surabaya, Malang residents adopt an egalitarian form of Javanese. As it becomes the educational city, there are many languages from outside Java spoken in Malang.

As a centre of tourism, Malang has various places of interest which can be classified into local, regional, national and international standards, including traditional dance performances such as Tari Topeng (Mask Dance), Jaran Pegon, Tari Beskalan (Beskalan Dance), etc. There are also 'Topeng' or Mask handicraft at the villages of Jabung and Kedungmonggo which have become a familiar landmark in Malang Regency.

Tari Topeng (Mask Dance)

Malang is located in Indonesian National Route 23, which connects it to Gempol and Kepanjen. Malang has a large intercity bus terminal, Arjosari, located in northern Malang. The primary means of public transportation is by Microvan (most of them are Suzuki Carry) and has Blue color, called AngKot (from Angkutan=transportation and Kota=city) but mostly local people call it "Mikrolet". They serve certain routes throughout the city, operated privately and cheap, around Rp 3.000, but these public transports are not usually known for being comfortable, due to the fact that a many people uses them, thus, mostly leading to a cramped condition inside the mikrolet.

The largest train station in Malang is Malang Station. The station is frequently called "Kotabaru Station", to distinguish it from Kotalama Station located in the south. Another train station is Blimbing, located in the north. Previously, there was a tram system in Malang, now defunct.
To ease commuters from Yogyakarta to Malang vice versa, on May 20, 2012 Malioboro Express (Moleks) has been operated.

Malang is served by Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport, located in the outskirts of Malang. This airport can be accessed by taxis and travels.

Kotabaru Station

 let's come to the city of Malang..........

Ijen Boulevard

GILI ISLANDS LOMBOK INDONESIA

 

Gili Islands

 

The Gili Islands (Indonesian: Tiga Gili [Three Gilis], Kepulauan Gili [Gili Islands]) are an archipelago of three small islands — Gili Trawangan, Gili Meno and Gili Air — just off the northwest coast of Lombok, Indonesia.

The islands are a popular destination for tourists looking for a remote island experience. Each island has several small resorts, usually consisting of a collection of huts for tourists, a small pool and restaurant. Most local inhabitants live on Trawangan in a township stretching along its east side just inland (which is also where most recent development is taking place). Automobiles and motorised traffic is prohibited on the islands by local ordinance, so the preferred method of transportation is by foot and bicycle or the horse-drawn carriage called a cidomo. Diving in and around the Gilis is also popular due to the abundance of marine life and attractive coral formations.

PANTAI LENGGOKSONO

 PANTAI LENGGOKSONO

Pantai Lenggoksono adalah sebuah pantai di pesisir selatan yang terletak di tepi Samudera Indonesia dan masuk wilayah Dusun Lenggoksono, Desa Purwodadi, Tirtoyudo,Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Untuk mencapai pantai ini dari Kota Malang kita bisa menempuh dari Kecamatan Dampit menuju Kecamatan Tirtoyudo, lalu berbelok ke kanan di pertigaan Tangsi, Desa Tirtoyudo. Dari pertigaan ini posisi Pantai Lenggoksono masih sekitar 30 kilometer. Kondisi jalan dari Tangsi Tirtoyudo menuju Lenggoksono Purwodadi sangat mulus beraspal, hanya ruas jalan sangat sempit. Sepanjang 30 kilometer itu jalanan berkelok-kelok. Jalanan belokan tajam disertai menanjak dan menurun yang curam. Bahkan terdapat jurang curam di sisi kanan dan kiri jalan. Sekitar lima kilometer menjelang masuk Desa Purwodadi kondisi jalan mulai rusak, namun sejumlah jalan ada yang sudah dicor hingga ke bibir pantai. Sepanjang perjalanan kita bisa menyaksikan perkebunan cengkeh dengan pohonnya yang tinggi sampai 15 meter. Hal itu tidak mengherankan karena Desa Purwodadi merupakan sentra produsen cengkeh terbesar di Malang Raya.

Gunung Semeru

Gunung Semeru

Gunung Semeru atau Semeru adalah sebuah gunung berapi kerucut di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia. Dengan puncaknya mahameru 3.676 meter dari permukaan laut (mdpl). Kawah puncak gunung semeru dikenal dengan nama Jonggring Saloko. Gunung semeru secara administratif berada dalam wilayah dua kabupaten, yaitu kabupaten Malang dan kabupaten Lumajan provinsi Jawa Timur. 

MANFAAT BUAH PEPAYA

Pepaya mempunyai nama latin Carica papaya dan termasuk dalam famili Caricaceae. Pohon pepaya ini berasal dari daerah Meksiko dan biasa di tanam di pekarangan rumah atau kebun. Buah pepaya yang sudah matang berwarna orange atau merah muda. Rasanya manis dan mengandung banyak air.

Meski buah pepaya termasuk buah yang murah dan mudah didapat, namun jangan pernah memandang remeh soal khasiatnya. Sejak dulu, buah pepaya dipercaya memberikan banyak manfaat bagi manusia. Baik untuk kesehatan maupun kecantikan.

BROMO

Pengalaman pertama ke Gunung Bromo

Ini benar2 pengalaman pertama dan tak terlupakan... "Gunung Bromo Tengger"... Selalu dlm angan2, karena cukup lama mendambakan untuk menginjakkan kaki di lautan pasir Bromo. Dan terwujudlah sudah keinginan yang lama terpendam, meskipun dengan perjuangan cukup keras...(karena fisik yang tidak terlatih)

Kita berangkat hanya berdua, saya dan suami mumpung ada waktu dan kesempatan, karena rencana ini sudah sejak lama, dan baru terwujud sekarang... Kita berangkat dari Kota Malang (tempat tinggal kami), kita memutuskan lewat arah Tumpang, Gubuk Klakah, Coban pelangi, Ngadas  karena perhitungan akses paling cepat. Sebenarnya suamiku pernah ke sini tp lewat arah probolinggo. Karena kali ini kita pakai motor ( matic lagi....!!!). Mulai Coban Pelangi jalanan masih stabil lumayan rata sampai loket...

Begitulah gambar yang sempat kami ambil... Kita harus membayar tiket seharga 27.500/ orang. Total 60.000 untuk 2 org +motor.

Lumayanlah, karena bkn termasuk hari libur, dan wisatawan lokal, karena harga tiket beragam...





Kita lanjutkan perjalanan menuju desa Ngadas sampai Jemplang. Tanjakan menuju Ngadas atau turunan dari Ngadas dengan kemiringan antara 30° - 45° dan tingkungan hingga 345° Sungguh suatu tantangan yang menarik!!! Dan benar sekali... ditengah perjalanan kendaraan kami tidak kuat untuk boncengan. Dan saya terpaksa harus bolak balik turun jalan kaki, lumayan banyak pengunjung yang senasib dengan saya karena pakai motor matic. Nikmati dulu...sambil sesekali mengambil gambar ditengah istirahat saya...

 Setelah beberapa kali harus jalan kaki di jalan tanjakan akhirnya saya pun tidak kuat lagi untuk melanjutkan perjalanan, hampir putus asa... kemudian datang seorang bpk2 warga sekitar yang menawarkan jasa ojek ( mungkin ini memang daerah rawan). Dengan transaksi bpk itu minta ogkos 50.000, iseng2 nawar 30.000 ternyata boleh. Alhamdulillah,,, kita bisa lanjutkan perjalanan sampai Jemplang. Dengan suami yang menyusul di belakang... Fisik sudah kembali setelah minum dan makan sedikit Pop mie.





 Istirahat cukup sudah tampak pemandangan yang cukup memukau....

 

Jemplang persimpangan kiri arah Bromo kanan arah Semeru

Tiba saatnya kita mulai menginjakkan kaki di padang pasir dengan diawali jalanan yang sudah tidak bagus...pemandangan benar2 Subhanallah.... meskipun medan yang kita lewati cukup menyulitkan untuk kendaraan kami cukup terhibur dengan menikmati pemandangan sekitar yang sangat2 indah...sayangnya ini musim kemarau jadi tidak ada rumput hijau... tapi tetep indah dan hanya bisa kagum dalam hati, begitu besar Kuasa-Mu... Hhmmm.... Disini kita melihat yang namanya Bukit Teletubies...

 Bukit Teletubies di musim kemarau

 Perjalanan di lautan pasir pertama... kagum, terharu, dan panas terik matahari tanpa penghalang, karena kita sampai disini pas tengah hari... sesekali tampak awan berjalan menyejukkan mata dan kepala kita. Perjalanan ini panjang dan harus kita nikmati,,,, meski kita harus bersusah payah karena motor kami berkali2 kesulitan berjalan menembus lautan pasir ini...dan saya pun harus sesekali berjalan kaki,,, 

Disini saya tidak bisa berkata kata, hanya bisa kagum terharu, bagus, indah, memukau... Maasya Allah....

 Alhamdulillah,,, akhirnya saya sampai juga melihat keindahan Gunung Bromo meski tidak sampai naik melihat kawah dan menikmati sunrise di sana,,,Insyaallah lain kali.
Alasan fisik jadi pertimbangan untuk melanjutkan perjalanan... tetap puas dan tidak ada rasa kecewa.
Akhirnya kami memutuskan arah probolinggo untuk pulang, karena akses jalan lebih baik, meski jauhhh....

Foto terakhir dari atas

Perjalanan pulang yang panjang tetap menyenangkan, karena disini kita bisa menemuai warga Suku Tengger yang unik, dan sangat tradisional. Terima kasih yang membaca cerita saya, Saya hanya ingin berbagi pengalaman,,,, Selamat berkunjung...